Induction Year: 2005
Induction Category: Performer
Inductees:
Bono (vocals; born May 10, 1960), The Edge (guitar; born August 8, 1961), Adam Clayton (bass; born March 13, 1960), Larry
Mullen Jr. (drums; born October 31, 1961)
From the
beginning, U2 has been a band on a mission. With each album and concert, the Irish quartet has endeavored to create music
of lasting worth and substance. At various points in their career U2 have been not only the most popular band in the world
but also arguably the most important - although success in their own minds is purely conditional on the caliber of their work.
“We had no interest in being the biggest if we weren’t the best,” guitarist Dave “The Edge”
Evans told Rolling Stone in 2004. “That’s the only way being the biggest would mean anything.”
U2’s
best work - which includes War (1983), The Joshua Tree (1987), Achtung Baby (1991) and All That You Can’t Leave Behind
(2000) - stand out as true classics in the rock canon. Bono’s high-profile work for causes like Third World debt relief
and U2’s participation in such historic rock-for-charity events as Live Aid and Amnesty International’s Conspiracy
of Hope tour in have made them something of a beacon for positive change in the world of music.
Ultimately,
what’s set U2 apart is the visionary passion of vocalist Paul “Bono” Hewson and the group’s music,
which mixes rock’s visceral energy with artful atmospherics. U2 has been hugely popular in its first quarter century,
yet they’ve remained a supergroup with an idealistic sense of purpose. Having risen to prominence in the early Eighties
- a time when the iconic status of rock stars was routinely challenged by skeptical punks and New Wavers - U2 managed to become
a stadium-filling phenomenon without sacrificing credibility.
Moreover,
they’ve been given to periodic reinvention, as evidenced by their passage from the politically themed anthems of War
to the more ethereal musical landscapes of The Unforgettable Fire (1985), and from the earnest soul-searching of The Joshua
Tree to its radical and irreverent successor, Achtung Baby. Underneath it all, they’re remained true believers. As Bono
told USA Today in 2000, “There is a transcendence that I want from rock… I’m still drunk on the idea that
rock and roll can be a force for change. We haven’t lost that idea.”
That
idea has been a motivating force from the outset. U2 formed in 1978 when drummer Larry Mullen posted a note on a bulletin
board looking to form a band. The group members - Bono, The Edge, Mullen and bassist Adam Clayton - attended Mount Temple
High School in Dublin, Ireland. They derived influence from the guitar-driven minimalism and do-it-yourself aesthetic of such
punk-rock peers as the Ramones and Sex Pistols. Yet they also
aspired to the more serious, message-laden music of songwriters like Pete Townshend and Bruce Springsteen. Early in 1981,
with its debut album only months old, Bono confidently predicted a place for U2 in rock’s upper echelon. “Even
at this stage, I do feel we are meant to be one of the great bands,” he told Rolling Stone in 1981. “There’s
a certain spark, a certain chemistry, that was special about the Stones, the Who and the Beatles, and I think
it’s also special about U2.”
They debuted
with a three-song EP, U2-3, in 1979 and built a word-of-mouth following in their Irish homeland as a live band, U2 signed
with Island Records in 1980. Their debut album, Boy, included the popular track “I Will Follow,” the first of
many U2 anthems. The basic elements of the U2 sound - The Edge’s jittery, effects-laden guitar; Bono’s soaring,
unrestrained vocals; Clayton’s solid, anthemic bass lines; and Mullen’s offbeat, hypnotic drums - were already
in place at this early juncture. Boy was produced by Steve Lillywhite, who would help shape the group’s unique sound
on the next two albums as well. Experimental twists would become part of U2’s modus operandi, but that core structure
has remained their sonic signature.
U2’s
moody second album, October, reflected the difficulty of reconciling their religious beliefs with their rising fortunes as
rock stars. They even considered disbanding. In the end, U2 decided to put their collective voice to use raising consciousness.
On War they focused their energy and honed their message, raging over the strife-torn modern world - specifically, the sectarian
strife in their native Ireland - in such testaments as “Sunday Bloody Sunday” and “New Year’s Day.”
War has been termed “a powerful fusion of politics and militant rock and roll” and even the band called it “a
positive protest record.” Bono referred to “Sunday Bloody Sunday” as “a song of hope and a song of
disgust,” and Mullen noted it was “the first time we ever really made a statement.”
With
this album, U2 vaulted into a class with the impassioned, topical likes of the Clash and Bruce Springsteen. “Sunday
Bloody Sunday” gave U2 their first #1 hit in the U.K., and the album entered the U.K. charts at #1, appropriately enough,
on St. Patrick’s Day. War reached #12 in the U.S. and was their first album to go platinum.
U2 followed
War with Under a Blood Red Sky, a live album recorded in Colorado, Boston and Germany. Between Bono’s onstage fervor
and the band’s rousing majesty, U2 built up a monumental head of steam as a live act. Bono would wave a large white
flag - symbolizing a flag “drained of all color” - during their show, symbolizing the “one world”
concept he believed in and advocated. Under a Blood Red Sky, released as an album and video, consolidated U2’s strengths
and closed a chapter on the remarkable first stage of their career.
Their fourth
studio album, The Unforgettable Fire (1984), saw U2 move toward a more ghostly, cinematic sound. The group selected Brian
Eno and Daniel Lanois as producers, and the results were more abstract and experimental than previous albums. The key track
was “Pride (In the Name of Love),” a pacifistic anthem inspired by the life of Martin Luther King, Jr. U2 toured
heavily in its wake, headlining arenas and stadiums and performing one of the most memorable sets at Live Aid in July 1985.
In
March 1987, U2 released The Joshua Tree, an album that captivated, inspired and united the rock and roll audience like no
other (save Bruce Springsteen’s Born
in the U.S.A.) in the Eighties. Both thoughtful and powerful, it was preoccupied with spiritual survival in a barren, conflict-ridden
age. Giving rise to a pair of #1 singles - “With or Without You” and “I Still Haven’t Found What I’m
Looking For” - The Joshua Tree topped the charts for nine weeks. It went on to win a Grammy for Album of the Year, and
Rolling Stone judged it the third best album of the Eighties. The Joshua Tree has sold more than 15 million copies worldwide
and in 1995 qualified for diamond certification (10 million sold) in the U.S.
The accompanying
world tour gave rise to Rattle and Hum, a concert film and double album that mixed live and studio material. Among other things,
the project revealed the group’s fondness for American roots music, as when they collaborated with blues guitarist B.B.
King on “When Love Comes to Town.” Drafting on The Joshua Tree’s formidable coattails, Rattle and Hum also
went to #1 (for six weeks) and spun off a pair of hit singles, “Desire” and “Angel of Harlem.”
The Joshua
Tree elevated U2 to superstar status but also provoked one of the most radical musical detours by a major rock band. At the
end of the decade, Bono stated that U2 planned to “go away and dream it all up again.” True to his word, U2 came
together in Berlin in late 1990 to record Achtung Baby, a brazenly experimental about-face that Bono has described as “the
sound of us chopping down The Joshua Tree.” Triggering a creative renaissance, it marked U2’s effort to undercut
its own sense of seriousness and joint the postmodern party. To a degree, they deliberately went from iconic to ironic (although
“One” ranks with their most heartfelt songs). Coproducer Brian Eno referred to “the scope of its inspirations:
psychedelia, glam, R&B and soul” and characterized it as “a long step taken with confidence.”
Recorded
in Berlin, Achtung Baby sold more than 10 million copies worldwide and set U2 on a course for the Nineties. It and the discs
that followed - Zooropa (1993) and Pop (1997) - form a kind of triptych. The group embraced the messy state of the war-torn,
media-saturated world with a grim sense of celebration, as Bono created a handful of devilish alter egos - including “The
Fly” and “Mr. MacPhisto, the Last Rock Star” - for the stage. Zooropa, an adjunct and coda to Achtung Baby,
was recorded in Dublin during a break between legs of the Zoo TV tour.
On Pop,
U2 delved into electronica - loops, samples, beats - without reservation. Some of that album’s material actually got
worked up from jamming with DJs. Pop was the group’s most cutting-edge album to date. U2 were no longer “the world’s
loudest folk band,” which is how Bono described the group’s Eighties persona in hindsight. Instead of mourning
the ruins, they were now dancing in them.
In the
Nineties, U2’s live shows served as oversized spectacles. Their Zoo TV and PopMart tours were among the most ambitious
ever undertaken. They played to more than five million people on the former outing alone. PopMart, which followed Pop’s
release, satirized rampant consumerism with a set designed to look like a “giant, sci-fi disco supermarket.” A
hundred-foot high golden arch, fifteen-foot mirror-ball lemon and twelve-foot stuffed olive were among the oversized stage
props. The group and its 200-member crew dragged 1,200 tons of equipment from gig to gig. It was truly over the top, which
was exactly the point. If Zoo TV was “the Sgt. Pepper of rock tours,” than PopMart was its gaudy Graceland.
Not surprisingly,
after spending most of a decade making their point - which might be described as “defeating the devil by singing his
song” - U2 got back to basics. Their first album of the new millennium, All That You Can’t Leave Behind (2001),
was a return to the classic U2 sound, warm and open-hearted in a way that recalled The Joshua Tree while at the same time
streaked with the sort of textures and accents they’d mastered in their adventuresome Nineties spree. All That You Can’t
Leave Behind topped the charts in 32 countries and won seven Grammys, including Song of the Year for “Beautiful Day.”
Late in
2004 they continued on this path with How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb, which yielded the heady hit “Vertigo” and
contained some of Bono’s most personal lyrics. In a sense, the album brought U2 full circle, returning them to the autobiography
of Boy. Yet in the years between those albums they’d grown from teenagers to adults, inevitably losing friends and relatives
along the way. Bono suggested that How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb album could have well been titled Man.
While much
had changed, important things remained the same: U2 comprised the same four musicians, still holding fast to principles and
making inspirational music a quarter century after their humble beginnings in a Dublin high school.
TIMELINE
March 13,
1960: Adam Clayton, bassist for U2, is born in Chinnor, Ireland.
May 10,
1960: Paul “Bono” Hewson, vocalist for U2, is born in Dublin, Ireland.
August
8, 1961: Dave “The Edge” Evans, guitarist for U2, is born in Wales.
October
31, 1961: Larry Mullen Jr., drummer for U2, is born in Dublin, Ireland.
1978: Five
young men form a band at Mount Temple High School in Dublin, Ireland. They run through a few names (Feedback, The Hype) and
lose a member (Dick Evans) before settling on a name and lineup that stick: U2.
September
1979: U2 debut with U2-3, a three-song EP featuring “Out of Control. It is released on the CBS label only in Ireland
April 1980:
U2 sign with Island Records. Their first single, “11 O’clock Tick-Tock,” is released a month later.
October
1980: U2’s debut album, Boy, is released in the U.S. It contains the propulsive “I Will Follow,” the first
of many anthems from the Irish quartet.
October
1981: U2’s second album, October, is released. Key tracks: “Gloria,” “Fire.”
March 1983:
War, U2’s breakthrough third album, is released. It contains their most topical songs to date: “Sunday Bloody
Sunday” and “New Year’s Day.”
November
1983: Under a Blood Red Sky, an eight-track live album culled from three venues, is released.
October
1984: The Unforgettable Fire, U2’s fourth studio album, is released. The group’s more layered, ethereal sound
owes much to producers Brian Eno and Daniel Lanois.
July 13,
1985: U2 deliver a memorable performance at the Live Aid charity concert from London’s Wembley Stadium.
1986: U2
headline Amnesty International’s two-week Conspiracy of Hope Tour. They’re joined by Peter Gabriel, Lou Reed,
Bryan Adams, Neville Brothers, Joan Baez and Sting.
March 21,
1987: The Joshua Tree, U2’s fifth studio album, is released. It will top the album chart for nine weeks, stay on it
for two years and produce three hit singles: “With or Without You” (#1), “I Still Haven’t Found What
I’m Looking For” (#1) and “Where the Streets Have No Name” (#13).
April 27,
1987: U2 grace the cover of Time magazine, whose cover line reads “U2: Rock’s Hottest Ticket.”
May 16,
1987: “With or Without You” becomes U2’s first #1 hit in the U.S.
March 2,
1988: U2 wins Grammys for Album of the Year and Best Rock Performance for The Joshua Tree.
October
1988: U2 releases the concert film and double live album Rattle and Hum, which goes to #1 for six weeks and yields the hit
singles “Desire” (#5) and “Angel of Harlem” (#14).
February
22, 1989: U2 wins more Grammys, including Best Rock Performance for “Desire,” from Rattle and Hum.
December
31st, 1989: U2 concludes a tour with four shows at Dublin’s Point Depot. The last of these is broadcast on radio, reaching
500 million listeners. Vocalist Bono hints at changes to come: “This is the end of something for U2….We have to
go away and dream it all up again.”
November
1991: U2 releases their sixth studio album, Achtung Baby, which takes an edgier, more experimental approach. For their daring
they earn their third consecutive #1 album and four more hits: “Mysterious Ways” (#9), “One” (#10),
“Even Better Than the Real Thing” (#32) and “Who’s Gonna Ride Your Wild Horses” (#35).
February
29, 1992: U2 kick off their high-tech, multimedia Zoo TV tour in Lakeland, Florida.
July
1993: U2’s seventh studio album, Zooropa, is released. Its title alludes to U2’s Zoo TV tour, in whose midst it
was recorded. Johnny Cash adds guest vocals
on “The Wanderer.”
March 4,
1997: Pop!, U2’s eighth studio album, is released. It reveals the group’s interest in electronic dance music and
generates a Top Ten single, “Discotheque.”
April 25,
1997: U2 kicks off PopMart - a year-long, 40-country stadium tour that is the most ambitious in rock history.
November
1998: U2 release The Best of 1980-1990, which includes a bonus disc of B-sides and rarities.
October
31, 2000: U2 enters the new millennium with All That You Can’t Leave Behind, an album that harks back to their more
song-oriented roots. Key tracks: “Beautiful Day,” “Walk On.”
December
4, 2001: U2 release their first live DVD, Elevation 2001: U2 Live from Boston.
November
25, 2002: U2 release The Best of 1990-2000, which includes a bonus disc of B-sides and rarities.
November
2004: How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb, the tenth full-length studio album in U2’s twenty-five years as a recording entity,
is released. The lead single is “Vertigo.”
March 14,
2005: U2 is inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame at the twentieth annual induction dinner. tk is their presenter.